Bulgaria to overhaul two biggest nuclear reactors 
Source: Reuters 

KOZLODUY, Bulgaria, The Reuters European Business Report via
NewsPage : Bulgaria's Kozloduy nuclear power plant, battling to raise
safety standards despite a severe shortage of cash, hopes to finalise
a modernisation programme by the end of the year, officials said on
Friday.

Bulgarian experts are working with three western companies on plans
for the reconstruction of Kozloduy's two largest and most modern
1,000-megawatt reactors to improve their reliability and efficiency. 
Ivanov is awaiting modernisation proposals from France's Electricite
de France, the United States' Westinghouse Electric Corp <WX.N> and
Germany's Siemens <SIEG.F>.

Energy officials said the modernisation project, expected to cost
millions of dollars, must be approved and financially guaranteed by
Bulgaria's Socialist government.  One of the two Soviet-designed reactors
has been in operation since 1987. The other was licensed in December 
1993 after a two-year commissioning period.

Kozloduy, which won notoriety for a series of fires and leaks
arising from decades of neglect under the old communist regime, has
in recent years made great efforts to upgrade its reactors, drawing
praise from international experts.  Resource-poor Bulgaria is dependent on the 
Kozloduy station for some 40 percent of its energy. 
Kozloduy, which 
stands by the River Danube on Bulgaria's northern
border with Romania, has four 440-megawatt reactors in addition to
the two newer 1,000-megawatt ones.

The oldest of the four smaller reactors, 20-year-old number one and
19-year-old number two, were closed in 1991 amid international
concern over their safety. They were both restarted after extensive
repairs.  But a chemical study of the metal of the vessel of the first
reactor, expected to be completed by July, will decide that unit's
fate.
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Mail*Link(r) SMTP               FWD>Atomero-hirek: Kazahsztan

Azert ez tenyleg erdekes....
Kazahsztan a vilag legnagyobb olaj- es gazkeszletein csucsul, tehat nekik a 
'folyekony arany' csak a kitermeles koltsegeibe kerulne
(ami kvazi elenyeszo resze ezek az eroforrasok aranak), erre neki akarnak allni
 egy meregdraga atomeromuvet epiteni....
Ahogy a Wall Street Journal Kelet-Europai magazinja irta, Kazakhstan is
"the land of plenty running on empty".

KAZAKHSTAN-ENERGY/ NUCLEAR PLANT MAY BE BUILT IN SEMIPALATINSK 
Source: Inter Press Service 

MOSCOW - Inter Press Service via NewsPage : Kazakhstan is
considering building a nuclear power plant at the former Soviet
nuclear weapons test site of Semipalatinsk, according to the head of
the Kazakh Atomic Energy Agency, Ergali Bayedinov. "Kazakhstan is 
experienced in nuclear technology and has its own
uranium sources as well as the technology for processing it," he
points out, re-affirming the country's 1993 intention to develop
nuclear power to supplement its total energy supply.

Various sites have been suggested, but Semipalatinsk has prevailed
as the favorite. Several reactors have operated there since 1962.  
Other possible sites for nuclear plants include Dzhezkazgan, Kyzl
Orda, Turgai, Tselinograd, Aktyubinsk, Guryev, Ust-Kamenogorsk and
Chimkent.

Many of these locations are already contaminated with radioactivity
as a result of uranium mining and processing at Tselinograd, Kyzl
Orda, nuclear fuel production at Ust-Kamenogvrosk and industrial
production at Aktyubinsk, Chimkent.  In 1974, there was also a 
serious mishap during operational testing
caused by de-pressurization of the steam generals pipes. Water from
the third circuit entered the secondary circuit, causing a heat
explosion when water and sodium came into contact. As a result, the
casing of the heat exchanger cracked.  There have since been 
several similar incidents, according to the
former head of the Moscow branch of Russia's nuclear inspectorate
Gosatomnadzor, Vladimir Kuznetsov. He is, however, uncertain if there
has been any major environmental damage as a result.

Last November the United States mounted a "secret mission"
code-named "Operation Sapphire" to transfer 600 kilograms of highly
enriched uranium from Ust-Kamenogorsk to Oakridge, Tennessee, for
commercial use.  Kazakhstan received "tens of millions of dollars" 
for the material, according to Kazakh Deputy Premier Vitaly Leonidovich Mette.

***New Danube River grants program***

The Regional Environmental Center's Local Offices in Croatia, the
Czech and Slovak republics, Hungary, and Slovenia will be issuing
grants for more public involvement in improving the environmental
conditions in the Danube River Basin. The REC will administer these
so-called "Danube grants" of up to a total of USD 25,000 per country
for 1995. 

The Danube River Basin Grants Program is an initiative of the
Environmental Program for the Danube River Basin and is funded by the
Global Environment Facility. It provides grants up to ECU 3000 per
group per year (up to ECU 4000 in some countries). 

NGOs and NGO networks that work on environmental issues in the
Danube River Basin are eligible. In addition, other organizations
working on environmental issues, such as scientific, technical and
farming organizations, may apply provided they work with community
based NGOs or local community groups. This cooperation will enhance
the capacity of NGOs.

The terms and conditions for Danube Grants are the same as those for
the REC's Local Grants Program. Applications are available through
the REC's Local Offices.

The Environmental Program for the Danube River Basin was launched in
1992 in order to restore and protect the Danube River and its
tributaries. The program is supported and carried out by all 11
countries of the Danube River Basin, as well as international
organizations and governments. It is expected that a similar program
will be announced later this year by the United Nations Development
Program's offices in Bulgaria, Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine.


Contact: 

Danube Programme Coordination Unit (PCU)
Room E0874
Vienna International Centre
P.O. Box 500
A-1400 Vienna, Austria
Tel: (43-1) 21345-5617 or 21345-5616
Fax: (43-1) 21345-5836 or 21345-5837

***Junior Fellows welcome***

The REC Junior Fellowship Program is a unique program that brings
individuals with strong interests in environmental protection
together for four weeks of training and skills development. During
their one month visit, fellows gain practical experience in writing
project proposals, using computers, giving presentations, networking,
and managing projects. While at the REC, fellows have access to all
REC resources and can work on projects for their own NGOs. The
fellowship also includes trips to successful NGOs in other countries.

The program is designed for individuals between the ages of 20 and
30 who are active in environmental NGOs in the Region. The successful
applicant must be a citizen of either Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan,
Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia,
Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland,
Romania, Russia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Ukraine, and be
proficient in both spoken and written English.

Those interested in participating in the program should send an
application detailing their particular motives and expectations.
They should also specify which activities they wish to pursue during
the fellowship, either for themselves or for their NGOs. The
application should also outline for which study period(s) the
applicant is applying. There is still space for the sessions
beginning 18 July, 12 September, and 7 November in 1995, and
applicants are encouraged to apply for more than one period.

The application also requires a complete curriculum vitae in English
that includes personal information, work and NGO experience,
information about the applicant's NGO, and computer and language
skills.


Contact: 

Dan Swartz
Junior Fellowship Program Coordinator
Regional Environmental Center 
Miklos ter 1, H-1035 
Budapest, Hungary
Tel: (36-1) 250-3401
Fax: (36-1) 250-3403
E-mail: 

> A radioaktiv por (arab eredetiben atomhomok) mennyisege 15-od resze egy
> erdo felett, mint egy nagyobb varos kozpontjaban.

  Na persze. Van egy olyan erzesem (nincs szamadat birtokomban), hogy
a levego radioaktivitasa a sivatag felett is lenyegesen kisebb, mint
a varos kozpontjaban. Miert? Ket okbol. Egyreszt hoeromuvek miatt, mert
a fustjukben iszonytato mennyisego radiaktiv anyag van. Masreszt a
modern epiteszet uj vivmanya, a beton miatt, amibol szinten sok jon ki,
foleg ott, ahol kohosalakbol csinaljak (Ez az egy, amiert tetszenek
az amerikai fa hazak...). A szennyezes durvan (gondolom) exponencialisan
esik a kibocstas helyetol mert tavolsaggal.
  Van egy masik problemam is. Egy amerikai mondott egy jo peldat, amikor
orvosi muhibarol vitatkoztunk: Ha egy muhiba (itt most fa kivagasa miatt)
elvesztesz valamit, akkor azt mennyire ertekeled? Ugyanakkor azt is meg 
lehet kerdezni, hogy mennyit lennel hajlando fizetni, hogy a hianyt
megszuntessek. Ket kulon skala. Nem tudom, melyik a jo kerdes. Azt hiszem ez
annak a jele, hogy a kornyezetvedelmet nem lehet kereskedelmi alapon csinalni.

Gyula

Na tessek, maris valaki erdeklodik a fak erteke irant (jollehet nem jarta 
meg Irant, se Sziriat). Arpi

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 27 Jun 1995 08:16:22 -0700
From: Judith Kallo >
To: 
Cc: 
Subject: Value of a Tree and the Spotted Owl

I am looking for help on how to value a tree or all living things:

I found some articles on the economic values of the natural world, and 
also read sg on the valuation process of a forest.  

The idea is to assess the tree USD value through
        oxygen production
        erosion protection
        H2O distribution
        air quality improvement, etc.
        
and see what is the industrial product value of the same tree in pulp 
and paper industry, or in wood product, construction related 
industries.  

I am sure everybody remembers the spotted owls, and the related 
arguments.  Any idea what is the value of the endangered species?

I am looking for resources; articles, books, organizations - such as 
the World Comission on Environment on Development - (if sy has their 
e-mail address pl. let me have it), and I am looking for such resources 
on the internet also.
Any help is appreciated.
Regards
jdk

The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources is looking for a Program
Coordinator for the development of its CZM program.

Title:  SENIOR STATE PLANNER (ENVIRONMENTAL)
Working Title:  CZM Program Coordinator
Start Date:  ASAP

This employee will be the primary facilitator of the development of a
Coastal Zone Management (CZM) Program for the State of Minnesota.  The
employee will organize and coordinate the planning process, provide
coordination with technical personnel from local, state, and federal land
use and natural resource management agencies, prepare necessary reports
relating to the federal grant, coordinate planning with NOAA, author
portions and edit all of the CZM program documents, and participate in the
Citizen participation process.  The employee will work in close
coordination with an Interagency Team consisting of personnel from the DNR,
MPCA, and the Board of Water and Soil Resources.  Stakeholder Work Groups
will also be facilitated by the employee.  The employee will be located in
Two Harbors, MN, on the North Shore of Lake Superior.

This employee must have experience in formulation, developing and carrying
out comprehensive planning processes as well as experience in strategic
planning with public involvement and meeting facilitation.  This emplyee
must also have a broad multi-disciplinary knowledge of coastal ecology,
management and regulation.  The ability to view and understand issues from
a variety of perspectives is required in this position.  This employee must
also have demonstrated capabilities in both oral and written communication
as well as a sense of humor and the ability to work in a sometimes
contentious atmosphere.

Contact:
Daniel G. Retka
Dept. of Natural Resources
1201 E. Highway 2
Grand Rapids, MN  55744
(218) 327-4417
E-mail:  

The Central and East European Economic Research Center
     Fellowship Program Warsaw, Poland

     Applications are invited for pre- and post-doctoral fellowships
     in Warsaw, Poland


     ELIGIBILITY:Citizens of the Post-Communist Countries from East
     Central Europe


     ? Fellowships are granted for a period of one year for scholars
     to engage in full-time research in cooperation with Western
     economists. ? Research fields encompass a broad array of macro
     and microeconomic issues ? The faculty members of Columbia
     University-Warsaw University Cooperative Program in Economics
     will serve as the Center's Resident Scholars

     FOR FURTHER INFORMATION AND APPLICATION CONTACT:

     Professor John MicgielInstitute on East Central EuropeColumbia
     University New York, NY 10027Fax: 212-854-8577

     Applications for the Academic Year starting October 1, 1995 must
     be postmarked no later than July 15, 1995